Adenocarcinoma of the lung is a well known kind of lungs cancer. It is called by the abnormal cells’ growth. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is an epithelial malignant tumor consisting of glandular epithelial cells that make up the majority of the internal organs in the human’s body. Each internal organ of the human’s body can be affected by this tumor. In lesions of the lung it usually develops on the external borders of the lung and it often happens in women.

Lung Cancer Causes

of this disease are the following:

• 1. There is a direct correlation between smoking and lung cancer risk.
• 70-75% of lung cancer causes are caused by smoking.
• The number increase of daily cigarettes leads to this illness.
• Passive smoking is also a significant risk factor.
• 2. Influence of asbestos. Even a house made of asbestos can cause a lung cancer. Especially this fibrous mineral is very dangerous for people who have such a job: shipyard workers, construction workers, miners.
• 3. Ionizing radiation (radon in mines and basements of some buildings, the explosion of the atomic bomb).
• 4. Inhalation of radioactive dust in zones of accidents at nuclear power plants.
• 5. Occupational exposure to arsenic, chromium and nickel.
• 6. Previous lung disease such as tuberculosis.
• 7. Some cancers (e.g. lymphoma, cancer of the head and neck, esophagus) lead to an increased risk of lung cancer.

Lung Cancer Symptoms and Signs

of adenocarcinoma depend on the caliber of a bronchus, where is the tumor, its size, features of metastasis, complications and paraneoplastic manifestations. The basis of clinical manifestations of cancer consists of large bronchi obturation and destruction: typical triad - cough, shortness of breath, coughing up blood. Initially dry cough appears, and then it amplifies at night. Mucous expectoration is replaced by mucopurulent. It has blood, then the more severe signs of pulmonary bleeding come. Shortness of breath initially occurs during exercises and then becomes visible in the usual activities, such as climbing stairs. Fever is usually recurrent. Then there can be the effect of temperature normalization, but the patients often note the lack of subjective experience of recovery.

Diagnostic activities of adenocarcinoma

are carried out 2 times a year due to clinical examination: survey and physical examination, blood analysis, analysis of sputum for abnormal cells, fluorography - 2 shots in the frontal projection (on inspiration and expiration), 2 - in the lateral projections. When contacting about persistent cough, changes in voice and aphonia, blood in the sputum, fever, weight loss of 5-6 kg over several months, the symptoms of gastric ulcers should be examined by analyzing blood and fluorography.

Adenocarcinoma prognosis

is different and depends on its kind. Adenocarcinoma is usually a peripheral tumor, developing from the glandular cells of the bronchial mucosa or scar tissue after myocardial tuberculosis. It proceeds more aggressively than squamous cell carcinoma. It extensively metastasizes into regional lymph nodes, bones and brain, forms the implantation of metastasis, often accompanied by malignant pleurisy. The prognosis can depend on the overall health of the patient and the stage of the cancer. About 20 percent of patients with adenocarcinoma live more than 6 years after diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma treatment

is often based on surgery of 3 types:

• Pneumonectomy – removes the entire lung
• Lobectomy – removes a lobe of the lung
• Wedge resection - removes a small part of the lung.

Oncological contraindications for surgery: the presence of distant metastases; technically impossible to perform resection of metastases in the mediastinum, involving in tumor infiltration of the trachea, diaphragm, chest wall, mediastinal structures.

Chemotherapy is highly effective only for small cell lung cancer: combine drugs of different mechanism of action and toxicity and use radiation therapy. Polychemotherapy schemes typically include complex compounds of platinum, adriamycin and fluorouracil. When non-small cell cancers are symptomatic, chemotherapy solves the problem.